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PAVIATH INTEGRATED SOLUTION
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UM Pneumatic Systems

 Simulation of multibody systems with pneumatic elements


 Simulation of multibody systems with pneumatic elements


Program package Universal Mechanism includes a specialized module UM Pneumatic Systems, which contains tools for simulation of models with pneumatic elements. The following elements are available in the current version of the module:

  • Air springs
  • Rigid chambers
  • Pneumatic lines
  • Orifices

Air springs (AS)

The following AS models are available:

  • Tabular model: the description of force element includes tabular experimental data on force and volume
  • Nishimura model
  • Berg model
  • Thermodynamic model

Air spring 1T15-M0
UM tabular model of AS

Manufacturers often supply information about AS properties in the form of a static data charts, which include load/height and volume/height diagrams. An example of such charts for 1T15-M0 is shown in the figure. Such data allow development of rather exact mathematical models of AS.

Stationary pipeline models

Pipe length 3m, diameter 5 mm

Three mass flow rate versus pressure drop models for pneumatic lines are implemented:

  • "Atlas"
  • Fluid mechanics
  • Fluid mechanic

Pneumatic lines

Time domain pipeline model

The dynamic model of a pipeline is described by a system of differential equations. The model allows taking into account transient processes and inertial properties of long pipelines.

Verification of dynamic pipeline model

Sketch of experimental equipment for verification of time domain model of pipeline
Frequency response: simulation vs. experiment

 Orifice models

Similar to a pipeline, an orifice (nozzle, valve) is a connection between two nodes of pneumatic system. The mathematical model of an orifice includes a dependence of the mass flow rate on the pressure drop. The following orifice models are available in UM:

  • Nozzle
  • ISO 6358
Orifice models
AS are connected by two T-junctions

Pneumatic systems

A pneumatic system in UM is considered as a graph, which nodes are connected by edges. Each node of a graph corresponds to one of the pneumatic elements:

  • Rigid chamber
  • Air spring (AS)
  • Simple node

The graph edges are:

  • Pneumatic lines
  • Orifices
AS are connected by pipelines with auxiliary chambers
Scheme of experiment for study of pipeline influence on dynamic stiffness and damping of air spring with auxiliary chamber

Verification tests

Case 1: Air spring connected by pipeline with auxiliary chamber

Dynamic stiffness vs. frequency: comparison of simulation and experiment

Case 2: AS connected by orifice with auxiliary chamber

Air spring and auxiliary chamber
a = 1mm

Case 2: AS connected by orifice with auxiliary chamber

a = 2.5mm

Case 2: AS connected by orifice with auxiliary chamber

a = 5mm

Case 2: AS connected by orifice with auxiliary chamber

a = 7.5mm

Case 2: AS connected by orifice with auxiliary chamber

Vehicle model
Comparison of simulation results for AS connected with auxiliary chambers and isolated AS with additional dampers in secondary suspension

Simulation example: Heigh speed railway motor car 

Bogie model with two AS
Comparison of simulation results for AS connected with auxiliary chambers and isolated AS with additional dampers in secondary suspensio

UM Pneumatic Systems

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